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Institutions — page 4

How the country is run: the Grand Duke, the Chamber of Deputies, the Council of State, the government, communes, chambers and courts — the section the exam weights heaviest. 166 questions in this section; the exam draws 20 of its 40 from here.

91.Appeals against decisions of the Administrative Tribunal go to…
- aThe Constitutional Court
- bThe Court of Cassation
- ✓The Administrative Court (Cour administrative)
Why: Administrative order: Tribunal administratif → Cour administrative.
92.Which two specialised courts handle employment and social-security disputes?
- ✓The Labour Court and the Social Court
- bThe Commercial Court and the Tax Court
- cThe Police Court and the Juvenile Court
Why: Both are named explicitly in the official exam syllabus.
93.The Court of Cassation reviews…
- ✓Points of law in Court of Appeal rulings and last-instance judgements
- bThe constitutionality of laws
- cThe facts of every case again
Why: It does not retry the facts; it checks the correct application of law.
94.Justices of the peace (justices de paix) also sit as…
- aA constitutional court
- bA court of appeal
- ✓A simple police court for minor infringements
Why: Police-court matters carry fines up to €250.
95.How many chambers does the Court of Appeal have?
- aThree, with 12 judges
- bOne, with 5 judges
- ✓Nine, with 35 appeal judges
Why: Together with the Court of Cassation it forms the Superior Court of Justice.
96.Where does the Constitutional Court sit?
- aEsch-sur-Alzette
- bDiekirch
- ✓Luxembourg City
Why: Nine members; it rules on the constitutionality of laws.
97.Which courts have general jurisdiction in civil and commercial matters?
- ✓The district courts, for matters not expressly assigned elsewhere
- bThe Constitutional Court
- cThe administrative courts
Why: Two district courts: Luxembourg and Diekirch.
98.A case involving child protection goes to…
- ✓The Juvenile and Guardianship Court
- bThe Labour Court
- cThe Administrative Tribunal
Why: A section of the district court.
99.What does Article 5 of the Constitution state?
- aLuxembourg is neutral forever
- ✓Luxembourg participates in European integration
- cLuxembourg has one language only
Why: European integration is written into the Constitution itself.
100.Under the Constitution, the government is composed of…
- aThe Grand Duke and the Council of State
- ✓A Prime Minister, one or more Vice-Prime Ministers, ministers and possibly secretaries of state
- cOnly the Prime Minister
Why: Article 88 sets out this composition.
101.Who directs the general policy of the state?
- aThe Council of State
- bThe Grand Duke personally
- ✓The government
Why: The Constitution assigns general policy direction to the government.
102.Which right allows Parliament to investigate matters of public concern?
- aThe right of pardon
- ✓The right of inquiry (droit d'enquête)
- cThe right of dissolution
Why: Its exercise is regulated by law.
103.Who may decide to hold a referendum?
- aThe Grand Duke alone
- ✓The Chamber of Deputies, in the cases and conditions set by law
- cAny citizen group automatically
Why: Referendums were held in 1919, 1937, 2005 and 2015.
104.Which constituency is made up of the cantons of Luxembourg and Mersch?
- aSud
- bNord
- ✓Centre
Why: Constitution: Sud = Esch-sur-Alzette + Capellen; Centre = Luxembourg + Mersch; Nord = Diekirch, Redange, Wiltz, Clervaux, Vianden; Est = Grevenmacher, Remich, Echternach.
105.Which cantons make up the Nord constituency?
- ✓Diekirch, Redange, Wiltz, Clervaux and Vianden
- bLuxembourg and Mersch
- cGrevenmacher, Remich and Echternach
Why: Nord returns 9 of the 60 deputies.
106.To be a voter in legislative elections you must be…
- ✓Luxembourgish and at least 18 years old
- bAny resident over 16
- cAn EU citizen resident 5 years
Why: To stand for election you must additionally be domiciled in Luxembourg.
107.What is the additional requirement to STAND for election (beyond being a voter)?
- aOwning property
- ✓Being domiciled in the Grand Duchy
- cBeing over 25
Why: Constitutional condition of eligibility.
108.Who exercises command of the army?
- aThe Prime Minister alone
- bParliament directly
- ✓The Grand Duke holds the title, exercised under government responsibility
Why: Consistent with ministerial responsibility for all his acts.
109.What happens if the Head of State refuses to take the constitutional oath?
- aNothing, the oath is symbolic
- ✓It amounts to renouncing the function of Head of State
- cParliament is dissolved
Why: The Constitution treats refusal as renunciation.
110.The regency may be entrusted to…
- ✓Only one person, who must be of age
- bThe Council of State
- cTwo co-regents
Why: If the Head of State cannot exercise his powers, the government informs the Chamber, which meets within ten days.
111.Under the Constitution, the language of the Grand Duchy is…
- aFrench only
- ✓Luxembourgish, with the use of languages regulated by law
- cGerman only
Why: The Constitution names Luxembourgish; the 1984 law adds French and German as administrative languages.
112.Which national symbol is named in the Constitution?
- aThe Gëlle Fra
- bThe Schueberfouer
- ✓The anthem 'Ons Heemecht'
Why: The flag and coat of arms are protected by the law on national emblems.
113.How are state taxes established?
- ✓Only by law
- bBy grand-ducal regulation
- cBy each commune
Why: Any exemption or reduction of tax also requires a law — a core budgetary principle.
114.Which functions are incompatible with being Ombudsman?
- ✓Deputy, State Councillor, communal councillor or public office
- bOnly being a judge
- cNone
Why: Independence from the bodies the Ombudsman oversees.
115.How is a commune administered?
- ✓By the college of the mayor and aldermen, chosen from the communal council
- bBy a state-appointed prefect
- cBy referendum only
Why: The communal council is elected by universal suffrage and secret ballot.
116.Communal councils are elected by…
- ✓Universal suffrage and secret ballot
- bThe Grand Duke
- cThe Minister of the Interior
Why: Resident non-Luxembourgers may register to vote in communal elections.
117.Who determines the boundaries and chief towns of cantons, communes and judicial districts?
- ✓The law
- bThe communes themselves
- cThe Grand Duke by decree
Why: A constitutional reservation to the legislature.
118.How many deputies does the Centre constituency return?
- a9
- b23
- ✓21
Why: Sud 23 · Centre 21 · Nord 9 · Est 7 = 60.
119.Which chamber represents employees among the professional chambers?
- aThe Chamber of Trades
- bThe Chamber of Commerce
- ✓The Chamber of Labour (salariés)
Why: Employee side: Private Employees, Civil Servants & Public Employees, Labour.
120.How many professional chambers represent employers?
- aOne
- bSix
- ✓Three — Commerce, Trades and Agriculture
Why: Six chambers in total, split three and three.

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