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Institutions — page 6

How the country is run: the Grand Duke, the Chamber of Deputies, the Council of State, the government, communes, chambers and courts — the section the exam weights heaviest. 166 questions in this section; the exam draws 20 of its 40 from here.

151.How large is Luxembourg's population roughly (2024)?
- aAbout 2 million
- ✓About 670,000
- cAbout 250,000
Why: Nearly half of residents are foreign nationals; over 200,000 cross-border workers commute in.
152.Which nationality is the largest foreign community?
- ✓Portuguese
- bItalian
- cGerman
Why: More than 170 nationalities live in Luxembourg.
153.Public transport in Luxembourg has been free since…
- a2010
- ✓2020
- c2023
Why: The first country in the world to make all public transport free.
154.What is the Grand Duke's role in the legislative process today?
- aHe drafts laws
- bHe votes on laws
- ✓He promulgates laws — he no longer sanctions them
Why: Changed in 2008 after the euthanasia-law crisis.
155.Communal councils are elected for a term of…
- aFour years
- ✓Six years
- cFive years
Why: Legislative and European mandates run five years; communal six.
156.The Nord constituency returns how many deputies?
- a7
- b21
- ✓9
Why: Sud 23 · Centre 21 · Nord 9 · Est 7.
157.The Est constituency returns how many deputies?
- ✓7
- b23
- c9
Why: The smallest constituency, covering Grevenmacher, Remich and Echternach.
158.The Sud constituency returns how many deputies?
- a9
- ✓23
- c21
Why: The largest, covering the cantons of Esch-sur-Alzette and Capellen.
159.Which canton contains the village of Schengen?
- ✓Remich
- bEsch-sur-Alzette
- cClervaux
Why: On the Moselle at the tripoint with France and Germany.
160.Who supervises the legality of communal decisions?
- aNobody
- bThe European Commission
- ✓The state, through supervisory authorities
Why: Communal autonomy operates under state supervision (tutelle).
161.What is the role of the district commissioner (commissaire de district)?
- aA judge
- bA member of parliament
- ✓A state official relaying supervision of communes
Why: The three administrative districts themselves were abolished in 2015.
162.When were Luxembourg's three administrative districts abolished?
- ✓2015
- b1839
- c2023
Why: Only the 12 cantons remain as territorial subdivisions.
163.The Grand Duke's acts require ministerial countersignature because…
- aHe cannot write
- bThe Constitution is silent
- ✓He is politically irresponsible; the minister assumes responsibility
Why: The cornerstone of the constitutional monarchy.
164.Which institution gives Luxembourg its 'moderating influence' in a one-chamber system?
- aThe Court of Auditors
- bThe Ombudsman
- ✓The Council of State
Why: 21 councillors reviewing every bill.
165.Who may bring a case to the Constitutional Court?
- aOnly the Grand Duke
- bAny citizen directly
- ✓Any court, by referring a preliminary question
Why: Referral comes from the judge hearing the case.
166.The Superior Court of Justice is composed of…
- aThe district courts
- bThe administrative courts
- ✓The Court of Cassation and the Court of Appeal
Why: Top of the ordinary judicial order.

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